RadarOnze

SV Elversberg vs FC Schalke 04: statistics and analysis

BUNDESLIGA 2026/27 · PRE-MATCH ANALYSIS

Round 21

· LONDON TIME · Waldstadion Kaiserlinde · Referee: not provided

Statistical engine · radaronze-v1

RadarOnze analysis

Probabilities calculated in advance. The explanatory layer organises existing factors and does not change the model’s numbers.

View in the Betting Centre

Away team to score 1+ goals

65.0%

low
View full analysis
Sample
4 matches/team
Model
radaronze-v1

Model factors

  • League average — goals: 3.33

    Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.

  • Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32

    Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.

  • Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504

    Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.

  • Recency: 120-day half-life

    Exponential weighting with a 0.2 floor; older matches never disappear completely.

  • Historical stability: 64

    Index derived from the dispersion of previous outcomes for this market.

  • Sample per team: 4 / 4

    Valid home-team and away-team matches available before kick-off.

  • Historical coverage: 100.0%

    Share of previous matches with complete data for this market.

  • Expected Goals: not used

    Coverage or sample was insufficient before this fixture.

  • Model expected goals: 1.74 × 1.32

    Parameters from the independent Poisson model for the home and away teams.

  • Signal consensus: 0

    Agreement between the parametric model and the smoothed empirical frequency.

Understand this analysisStructured analysis

Away team to score 1+ goals has a model probability of 65.0%, low confidence and a sample of 4 matches per team.

League average — goals: 3.33 (Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.) Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32 (Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.) Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504 (Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.)

No current market price is available for this signal.

The explanation organises results that have already been calculated; it does not change probabilities, odds, edge, EV, confidence or value classification.

Double chance 12

75.9%

low
View full analysis
Sample
4 matches/team
Model
radaronze-v1

Model factors

  • League average — goals: 3.33

    Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.

  • Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32

    Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.

  • Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504

    Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.

  • Recency: 120-day half-life

    Exponential weighting with a 0.2 floor; older matches never disappear completely.

  • Historical stability: 64

    Index derived from the dispersion of previous outcomes for this market.

  • Sample per team: 4 / 4

    Valid home-team and away-team matches available before kick-off.

  • Historical coverage: 100.0%

    Share of previous matches with complete data for this market.

  • Expected Goals: not used

    Coverage or sample was insufficient before this fixture.

  • Model expected goals: 1.74 × 1.32

    Parameters from the independent Poisson model for the home and away teams.

  • Score matrix: 0–10 goals per team

    The 1X2 probabilities are normalised to add up to exactly 100%.

  • Signal consensus: 94.1

    Agreement between the parametric model and the smoothed empirical frequency.

Understand this analysisStructured analysis

Double chance 12 has a model probability of 75.9%, low confidence and a sample of 4 matches per team.

League average — goals: 3.33 (Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.) Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32 (Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.) Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504 (Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.)

No current market price is available for this signal.

The explanation organises results that have already been calculated; it does not change probabilities, odds, edge, EV, confidence or value classification.

Double chance 1X

70.5%

low
View full analysis
Sample
4 matches/team
Model
radaronze-v1

Model factors

  • League average — goals: 3.33

    Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.

  • Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32

    Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.

  • Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504

    Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.

  • Recency: 120-day half-life

    Exponential weighting with a 0.2 floor; older matches never disappear completely.

  • Historical stability: 64

    Index derived from the dispersion of previous outcomes for this market.

  • Sample per team: 4 / 4

    Valid home-team and away-team matches available before kick-off.

  • Historical coverage: 100.0%

    Share of previous matches with complete data for this market.

  • Expected Goals: not used

    Coverage or sample was insufficient before this fixture.

  • Model expected goals: 1.74 × 1.32

    Parameters from the independent Poisson model for the home and away teams.

  • Score matrix: 0–10 goals per team

    The 1X2 probabilities are normalised to add up to exactly 100%.

  • Signal consensus: 83.6

    Agreement between the parametric model and the smoothed empirical frequency.

Understand this analysisStructured analysis

Double chance 1X has a model probability of 70.5%, low confidence and a sample of 4 matches per team.

League average — goals: 3.33 (Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.) Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32 (Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.) Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504 (Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.)

No current market price is available for this signal.

The explanation organises results that have already been calculated; it does not change probabilities, odds, edge, EV, confidence or value classification.

Double chance X2

53.5%

low
View full analysis
Sample
4 matches/team
Model
radaronze-v1

Model factors

  • League average — goals: 3.33

    Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.

  • Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32

    Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.

  • Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504

    Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.

  • Recency: 120-day half-life

    Exponential weighting with a 0.2 floor; older matches never disappear completely.

  • Historical stability: 64

    Index derived from the dispersion of previous outcomes for this market.

  • Sample per team: 4 / 4

    Valid home-team and away-team matches available before kick-off.

  • Historical coverage: 100.0%

    Share of previous matches with complete data for this market.

  • Expected Goals: not used

    Coverage or sample was insufficient before this fixture.

  • Model expected goals: 1.74 × 1.32

    Parameters from the independent Poisson model for the home and away teams.

  • Score matrix: 0–10 goals per team

    The 1X2 probabilities are normalised to add up to exactly 100%.

  • Signal consensus: 78.4

    Agreement between the parametric model and the smoothed empirical frequency.

Understand this analysisStructured analysis

Double chance X2 has a model probability of 53.5%, low confidence and a sample of 4 matches per team.

League average — goals: 3.33 (Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.) Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32 (Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.) Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504 (Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.)

No current market price is available for this signal.

The explanation organises results that have already been calculated; it does not change probabilities, odds, edge, EV, confidence or value classification.

Over 0.5 goals

94.0%

low
View full analysis
Sample
4 matches/team
Model
radaronze-v1

Model factors

  • League average — goals: 3.33

    Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.

  • Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32

    Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.

  • Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504

    Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.

  • Recency: 120-day half-life

    Exponential weighting with a 0.2 floor; older matches never disappear completely.

  • Historical stability: 64

    Index derived from the dispersion of previous outcomes for this market.

  • Sample per team: 4 / 4

    Valid home-team and away-team matches available before kick-off.

  • Historical coverage: 100.0%

    Share of previous matches with complete data for this market.

  • Expected Goals: not used

    Coverage or sample was insufficient before this fixture.

  • Model expected goals: 1.74 × 1.32

    Parameters from the independent Poisson model for the home and away teams.

  • Signal consensus: 82.4

    Agreement between the parametric model and the smoothed empirical frequency.

Understand this analysisStructured analysis

Over 0.5 goals has a model probability of 94.0%, low confidence and a sample of 4 matches per team.

League average — goals: 3.33 (Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.) Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32 (Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.) Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504 (Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.)

No current market price is available for this signal.

The explanation organises results that have already been calculated; it does not change probabilities, odds, edge, EV, confidence or value classification.

Home team to score 2+ goals

51.4%

low
View full analysis
Sample
4 matches/team
Model
radaronze-v1

Model factors

  • League average — goals: 3.33

    Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.

  • Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32

    Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.

  • Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504

    Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.

  • Recency: 120-day half-life

    Exponential weighting with a 0.2 floor; older matches never disappear completely.

  • Historical stability: 64

    Index derived from the dispersion of previous outcomes for this market.

  • Sample per team: 4 / 4

    Valid home-team and away-team matches available before kick-off.

  • Historical coverage: 100.0%

    Share of previous matches with complete data for this market.

  • Expected Goals: not used

    Coverage or sample was insufficient before this fixture.

  • Model expected goals: 1.74 × 1.32

    Parameters from the independent Poisson model for the home and away teams.

  • Signal consensus: 94.1

    Agreement between the parametric model and the smoothed empirical frequency.

Understand this analysisStructured analysis

Home team to score 2+ goals has a model probability of 51.4%, low confidence and a sample of 4 matches per team.

League average — goals: 3.33 (Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.) Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32 (Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.) Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504 (Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.)

No current market price is available for this signal.

The explanation organises results that have already been calculated; it does not change probabilities, odds, edge, EV, confidence or value classification.

Over 20.5 shots

92.8%

low
View full analysis
Sample
4 matches/team
Model
radaronze-v1

Model factors

  • League average — shots: 27.37

    Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.

  • Home/away strength: 14.68 × 14.14

    Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.

  • Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504

    Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.

  • Recency: 120-day half-life

    Exponential weighting with a 0.2 floor; older matches never disappear completely.

  • Historical stability: 85.3

    Index derived from the dispersion of previous outcomes for this market.

  • Sample per team: 4 / 4

    Valid home-team and away-team matches available before kick-off.

  • Historical coverage: 100.0%

    Share of previous matches with complete data for this market.

  • Model expected shots: 28.82

    Count model with home/away adjustment, team strength and empirical smoothing.

  • Signal consensus: 76.8

    Agreement between the parametric model and the smoothed empirical frequency.

Understand this analysisStructured analysis

Over 20.5 shots has a model probability of 92.8%, low confidence and a sample of 4 matches per team.

League average — shots: 27.37 (Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.) Home/away strength: 14.68 × 14.14 (Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.) Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504 (Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.)

No current market price is available for this signal.

The explanation organises results that have already been calculated; it does not change probabilities, odds, edge, EV, confidence or value classification.

Result probabilities — 1X2Complementary statistical view. It does not take part in top signals or tickets.

Away win

29.5%

low
View full analysis
Sample
4 matches/team
Model
radaronze-v1

Model factors

  • League average — goals: 3.33

    Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.

  • Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32

    Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.

  • Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504

    Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.

  • Recency: 120-day half-life

    Exponential weighting with a 0.2 floor; older matches never disappear completely.

  • Historical stability: 64

    Index derived from the dispersion of previous outcomes for this market.

  • Sample per team: 4 / 4

    Valid home-team and away-team matches available before kick-off.

  • Historical coverage: 100.0%

    Share of previous matches with complete data for this market.

  • Expected Goals: not used

    Coverage or sample was insufficient before this fixture.

  • Model expected goals: 1.74 × 1.32

    Parameters from the independent Poisson model for the home and away teams.

  • Score matrix: 0–10 goals per team

    The 1X2 probabilities are normalised to add up to exactly 100%.

  • Signal consensus: 83.6

    Agreement between the parametric model and the smoothed empirical frequency.

Draw

24.1%

low
View full analysis
Sample
4 matches/team
Model
radaronze-v1

Model factors

  • League average — goals: 3.33

    Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.

  • Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32

    Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.

  • Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504

    Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.

  • Recency: 120-day half-life

    Exponential weighting with a 0.2 floor; older matches never disappear completely.

  • Historical stability: 64

    Index derived from the dispersion of previous outcomes for this market.

  • Sample per team: 4 / 4

    Valid home-team and away-team matches available before kick-off.

  • Historical coverage: 100.0%

    Share of previous matches with complete data for this market.

  • Expected Goals: not used

    Coverage or sample was insufficient before this fixture.

  • Model expected goals: 1.74 × 1.32

    Parameters from the independent Poisson model for the home and away teams.

  • Score matrix: 0–10 goals per team

    The 1X2 probabilities are normalised to add up to exactly 100%.

  • Signal consensus: 94.1

    Agreement between the parametric model and the smoothed empirical frequency.

Home win

46.5%

low
View full analysis
Sample
4 matches/team
Model
radaronze-v1

Model factors

  • League average — goals: 3.33

    Weighted average using only matches played before the fixture.

  • Home/away strength: 1.74 × 1.32

    Separate home and away expectations, shrunk towards the overall average.

  • Opponent strength: 1514 × 1504

    Chronological Elo adjustment with no future matches used.

  • Recency: 120-day half-life

    Exponential weighting with a 0.2 floor; older matches never disappear completely.

  • Historical stability: 64

    Index derived from the dispersion of previous outcomes for this market.

  • Sample per team: 4 / 4

    Valid home-team and away-team matches available before kick-off.

  • Historical coverage: 100.0%

    Share of previous matches with complete data for this market.

  • Expected Goals: not used

    Coverage or sample was insufficient before this fixture.

  • Model expected goals: 1.74 × 1.32

    Parameters from the independent Poisson model for the home and away teams.

  • Score matrix: 0–10 goals per team

    The 1X2 probabilities are normalised to add up to exactly 100%.

  • Signal consensus: 78.4

    Agreement between the parametric model and the smoothed empirical frequency.

18+ · Statistical estimates, not guaranteed outcomes. Bet responsibly.

Data interpretation

RadarOnze analysis

An original, deterministic reading of the real samples shown on this page.

Across 4 recent matches, SV Elversberg recorded 2 wins, 1 draw and 1 defeat and averaged 2.00 goals scored per match. FC Schalke 04's 4-match sample contains 1 win, 2 draws and 1 defeat, with 0.75 goals scored per match.

The venue split shows SV Elversberg at home with 1 win, 0 draws and 1 defeat in 2 matches, averaging 2.00 goals scored and 2.00 goals conceded. Away from home, FC Schalke 04 has 1 win, 0 draws and 1 defeat in 2 matches, with 1.50 goals scored and 2.00 goals conceded.

Both teams scored in 3 of 4 matches (75%) of SV Elversberg's sample and 1 of 4 matches (25%) of FC Schalke 04's. Over 2.5 goals occurred in 3 of 4 matches (75%) and 2 of 4 matches (50%), respectively.

Shot volume separates the sides at 10.25 per match for SV Elversberg and 11.75 for FC Schalke 04. On target, the averages are 4.50 and 4.25, respectively.

Historical frequencies describe the available sample; they are not a promise or certainty about a future result.

Form

Recent form and season

Last 5

SV Elversberg

4 matches
DLWW
W
2
D
1
L
1
GF
8
GA
7

Last 5

FC Schalke 04

4 matches
DWDL
W
1
D
2
L
1
GF
3
GA
4

Last 4

SV Elversberg

4 matches
DLWW
W
2
D
1
L
1
GF
8
GA
7

Last 4

FC Schalke 04

4 matches
DWDL
W
1
D
2
L
1
GF
3
GA
4

Last 4

SV Elversberg

4 matches
DLWW
W
2
D
1
L
1
GF
8
GA
7

Last 4

FC Schalke 04

4 matches
DWDL
W
1
D
2
L
1
GF
3
GA
4

Season

SV Elversberg

4 matches
DLWW
W
2
D
1
L
1
GF
8
GA
7

Season

FC Schalke 04

4 matches
DWDL
W
1
D
2
L
1
GF
3
GA
4

Goals

Frequencies across the last 10

Average goals scored

SV Elversberg

2.00 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

0.75 · 4 matches

Average goals conceded

SV Elversberg

1.75 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

1.00 · 4 matches

Over 0.5

SV Elversberg

75% · 3 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

50% · 2 of 4 matches

Over 1.5

SV Elversberg

75% · 3 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

50% · 2 of 4 matches

Over 2.5

SV Elversberg

75% · 3 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

50% · 2 of 4 matches

Over 3.5

SV Elversberg

50% · 2 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

25% · 1 of 4 matches

Both teams scored

SV Elversberg

75% · 3 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

25% · 1 of 4 matches

Clean sheet

SV Elversberg

25% · 1 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

50% · 2 of 4 matches

Failed to score

SV Elversberg

25% · 1 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

75% · 3 of 4 matches

Corners

Volume and observed lines

Average for

SV Elversberg

3.75 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

3.00 · 4 matches

Average against

SV Elversberg

7.25 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

7.50 · 4 matches

Total average

SV Elversberg

11.00 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

10.50 · 4 matches

Over 7.5

SV Elversberg

75% · 3 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

100% · 4 of 4 matches

Over 8.5

SV Elversberg

50% · 2 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

75% · 3 of 4 matches

Over 9.5

SV Elversberg

50% · 2 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

50% · 2 of 4 matches

Over 10.5

SV Elversberg

50% · 2 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

50% · 2 of 4 matches

Over 11.5

SV Elversberg

50% · 2 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

25% · 1 of 4 matches

Cards

Averages and frequencies

Team average

SV Elversberg

2.00 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

1.25 · 4 matches

Opponent average

SV Elversberg

1.50 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

2.00 · 4 matches

Total average

SV Elversberg

3.50 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

3.25 · 4 matches

Over 2.5

SV Elversberg

75% · 3 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

75% · 3 of 4 matches

Over 3.5

SV Elversberg

50% · 2 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

50% · 2 of 4 matches

Over 4.5

SV Elversberg

25% · 1 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

0% · 0 of 4 matches

Over 5.5

SV Elversberg

0% · 0 of 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

0% · 0 of 4 matches

Fouls

Match intensity

Committed average

SV Elversberg

11.50 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

7.75 · 4 matches

Opponent average

SV Elversberg

12.75 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

9.50 · 4 matches

Total average

SV Elversberg

24.25 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

17.25 · 4 matches

Shots

Production and concessions

Average shots

SV Elversberg

10.25 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

11.75 · 4 matches

Average shots on target

SV Elversberg

4.50 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

4.25 · 4 matches

Average shots conceded

SV Elversberg

21.75 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

17.50 · 4 matches

Average shots on target conceded

SV Elversberg

4.25 · 4 matches

FC Schalke 04

6.75 · 4 matches

Average xG

SV Elversberg

1.79 · 2 matches

FC Schalke 04

1.16 · 2 matches

Average xG against

SV Elversberg

2.12 · 2 matches

FC Schalke 04

2.83 · 2 matches

Home vs away

SV Elversberg at home × FC Schalke 04 away

SV Elversberg at home

SV Elversberg

2 matches
LW
W
1
D
0
L
1
GF
4
GA
4

FC Schalke 04 away

FC Schalke 04

2 matches
WL
W
1
D
0
L
1
GF
3
GA
4
Average goals scored

SV Elversberg at home

2.00 · 2 matches

FC Schalke 04 away

1.50 · 2 matches

Average goals conceded

SV Elversberg at home

2.00 · 2 matches

FC Schalke 04 away

2.00 · 2 matches

Over 0.5

SV Elversberg at home

100% · 2 of 2 matches

FC Schalke 04 away

100% · 2 of 2 matches

Over 1.5

SV Elversberg at home

100% · 2 of 2 matches

FC Schalke 04 away

100% · 2 of 2 matches

Over 2.5

SV Elversberg at home

100% · 2 of 2 matches

FC Schalke 04 away

100% · 2 of 2 matches

Over 3.5

SV Elversberg at home

50% · 1 of 2 matches

FC Schalke 04 away

50% · 1 of 2 matches

Both teams scored

SV Elversberg at home

100% · 2 of 2 matches

FC Schalke 04 away

50% · 1 of 2 matches

Clean sheet

SV Elversberg at home

0% · 0 of 2 matches

FC Schalke 04 away

0% · 0 of 2 matches

Failed to score

SV Elversberg at home

0% · 0 of 2 matches

FC Schalke 04 away

50% · 1 of 2 matches

Total corner average

SV Elversberg at home

9.50 · 2 matches

FC Schalke 04 away

11.50 · 2 matches

Over 8.5 corners

SV Elversberg at home

50% · 1 of 2 matches

FC Schalke 04 away

100% · 2 of 2 matches

Total card average

SV Elversberg at home

3.50 · 2 matches

FC Schalke 04 away

3.00 · 2 matches

Players and goalkeepers

Pre-match highlights

SV Elversberg

M. Krattenmacher

Midfielder

7.21

4 matches · 141 min

3 goals · 0 assists · 5 of 8 shots on target

D. Mokwa

Forward

6.93

4 matches · 312 min

2 goals · 0 assists · 2 of 4 shots on target

L. Petkov

Midfielder

6.83

4 matches · 353 min

1 goals · 1 assists · 4 of 6 shots on target

William Cole Campbell

Midfielder

6.70

4 matches · 261 min

1 goals · 0 assists · 3 of 6 shots on target

L. Pinckert

Centre-back

6.61

4 matches · 360 min

0 goals · 1 assists · 0 of 1 shots on target

N. Kristof

Goalkeeper

7.21

4 matches · 360 min

9 saves · 5 goals conceded

T. Boss

Goalkeeper

0.00

2 matches · 0 min

0 saves · 0 goals conceded

FC Schalke 04

A. Aouchiche

Midfielder

7.28

4 matches · 329 min

1 goals · 0 assists · 5 of 10 shots on target

Hwang Hee-Chan

Forward

6.73

2 matches · 30 min

0 goals · 1 assists · 0 of 1 shots on target

R. Gosens

Midfielder

6.66

4 matches · 243 min

1 goals · 0 assists · 1 of 4 shots on target

M. Wöber

Centre-back

6.54

4 matches · 82 min

1 goals · 0 assists · 1 of 1 shots on target

J. Adamu

Forward

4.46

3 matches · 142 min

0 goals · 1 assists · 2 of 5 shots on target

L. Karius

Goalkeeper

7.44

4 matches · 360 min

23 saves · 3 goals conceded

K. Müller

Goalkeeper

0.00

2 matches · 0 min

0 saves · 0 goals conceded

H2H

Recent meetings

FC Schalke 04 0 × 0 SV Elversberg1575173
Average goals
0.00 · 1 match
Both teams scored
0% · 0 of 1 matches
Over 2.5
0% · 0 of 1 matches

H2H corners: 8.00 · 1 match

Combined view

Data convergences

No strong convergence was identified from the available samples.

Descriptive analysis based exclusively on available frequencies.